New criticism differentiates the literary
language from scientific language has two meanings: direct meaning and
indirect, metaphorical meaning. The direct meaning of a word is called
denotative meaning but the indirect, metaphorical and symbolic meaning is
called connotative meaning. Scientific language uses denotative or direct
meaning of the word but literary (the language of literature) language uses
connotative metaphorical and symbolic meaning. Therefore, literary language is
very different from the common language. Literary language has complex unity
between form and content which is called organic unity.
Literary language gives pleasure because of the organic unity. Here organic unity means the complex unity between form and content to make an inseparable whole. New critics believe that it is impossible to separate the 'how-ness’ of the text from its 'what-ness’. How a text gives the meaning is inseparable from what it gives. This inseparable unity that makes the literary language more pleasurable is called organic unity. There are four linguistic devices in the organic unity. They are paradox, irony, ambiguity and tension. Paradox is a statement that seems self-contradictory but represents the truth in depth. Paradoxes seem apparently meaningless and contradictory but we find the truth when we analyses it closely. Paradox gives aesthetic quality in the text; similarly, irony is another element of the organic unity. Irony means the mismatch between reality and appearance. It is a mismatch between what it tells and what it means. The writer says one thing but he wants to mean another. There is the opposition between what he says and what he means. In dramatic irony, the audience expects one thing but the action turns to be quite opposite. Therefore, irony also gives very great pleasure in literature.
Ambiguity and tension are other elements of the organic unity. Ambiguity means generating two or more than two meanings. Sometimes literature creates ambiguity by giving multiple meaning and the undesirability in them. But new critics say that ambiguity is a richness, depth and complexity that make the text more valuable. Finally, tension is also necessary in the organic unity which means the association of concrete things to show the abstract concepts. It is creating an abstract sense by the concrete objects. In this way, organic unity involves the four elements. Paradox, irony, ambiguity and tension in the form.
Literary language gives pleasure because of the organic unity. Here organic unity means the complex unity between form and content to make an inseparable whole. New critics believe that it is impossible to separate the 'how-ness’ of the text from its 'what-ness’. How a text gives the meaning is inseparable from what it gives. This inseparable unity that makes the literary language more pleasurable is called organic unity. There are four linguistic devices in the organic unity. They are paradox, irony, ambiguity and tension. Paradox is a statement that seems self-contradictory but represents the truth in depth. Paradoxes seem apparently meaningless and contradictory but we find the truth when we analyses it closely. Paradox gives aesthetic quality in the text; similarly, irony is another element of the organic unity. Irony means the mismatch between reality and appearance. It is a mismatch between what it tells and what it means. The writer says one thing but he wants to mean another. There is the opposition between what he says and what he means. In dramatic irony, the audience expects one thing but the action turns to be quite opposite. Therefore, irony also gives very great pleasure in literature.
Ambiguity and tension are other elements of the organic unity. Ambiguity means generating two or more than two meanings. Sometimes literature creates ambiguity by giving multiple meaning and the undesirability in them. But new critics say that ambiguity is a richness, depth and complexity that make the text more valuable. Finally, tension is also necessary in the organic unity which means the association of concrete things to show the abstract concepts. It is creating an abstract sense by the concrete objects. In this way, organic unity involves the four elements. Paradox, irony, ambiguity and tension in the form.
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